Agrionemys horsfieldii ( Testudo horsfieldii)
Vitamin D3
1: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Aug;67(2):373-8.
Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3:
exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3
synthesis in human skin.
Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF.
Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical School,
Massachusetts 02118.
Sunlight has long been recognized as a major provider of vitamin D for humans;
radiation in the UVB (290-315 nm) portion of the solar spectrum photolyzes
7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to previtamin D3, which, in turn, is converted
by a thermal process to vitamin D3. Latitude and season affect both the quantity
and quality of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface, especially in the
UVB region of the spectrum, but little is known about how these influence the
ability of sunlight to synthesize vitamin D3 in skin. A model has been developed
to evaluate the effect of seasonal and latitudinal changes on the potential of
sunlight to initiate cutaneous production of vitamin D3. Human skin or [3
alpha-3H]7-dehydrocholesterol exposed to sunlight on cloudless days in Boston
(42.2 degrees N) from November through February produced no previtamin D3. In
Edmonton (52 degrees N) this ineffective winter period extended from October
through March. Further south (34 degrees N and 18 degrees N), sunlight
effectively photoconverted 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3 in the middle
of winter. These results quantify the dramatic influence of changes in solar UVB
radiation on cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis and indicate the latitudinal
increase in the length of the "vitamin D winter" during which dietary
supplementation of the vitamin may be advisable.
MeSH Terms:
Alberta
Boston
Cholecalciferol/biosynthesis*
Dehydrocholesterols/biosynthesis
Dehydrocholesterols/radiation effects
Humans
In Vitro
Photochemistry
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Seasons*
Skin/metabolism*
Skin/radiation effects
Sunlight*
Ultraviolet Rays
Substances:
Dehydrocholesterols
7-dehydrocholesterol
Cholecalciferol
Grant Support:
AG-02918/AG/NIA
AG-04390/AG/NIA
AM-32324/AM/NIADDK
PMID: 2839537 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/92/8/3124.pdf
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 14, 2303-2309, October 2005
© 2005 American Association for Cancer Research
Vitamin D Is Associated with Improved Survival in Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
1 Occupational Health Program, Department of Environmental Health, 2 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 3 Department of Nutrition, and 4 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; 5 Department of Medicine and 6 Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 7 Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 8 Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Requests for reprints: David C. Christiani, Occupational Health Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Phone: 617-432-1641; Fax: 617-432-6981. E-mail: dchris@hohp.harvard.edu
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/92/8/3124.pdf| Abstract |
|---|
Vitamin D may inhibit the development and progression of a wide spectrum of cancers. We investigated the associations of surgery season and vitamin D intake with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival in 456 early-stage non–small cell lung cancer patients. The data were analyzed using log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards models. The median (range) follow-up time was 71 (0.1-140) months, with 161 recurrence and 231 deaths. Patients who had surgery in summer had a better RFS than those who had surgery in winter (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-1.01), with 5-year RFS rates of 53% (45-61%) and 40% (32-49%), respectively (P = 0.10, log-rank test). Similar association between surgery season and RFS was found among the 321 patients with dietary information (P = 0.33, log-rank test). There was no statistically significant association between vitamin D intake and RFS. Because both season and vitamin D intake are important predictors for vitamin D levels, we investigated the joint effects of surgery season and vitamin D intake. Patients who had surgery during summer with the highest vitamin D intake had better RFS (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.74) than patients who had surgery during winter with the lowest vitamin D intake, with the 5-year RFS rates of 56% (34-78%) and 23% (4-42%), respectively. Similar associations of surgery season and vitamin D intake with overall survival were also observed. In conclusion, the joint effects of surgery season and recent vitamin D intake seem to be associated with the survival of early-stage non–small cell lung cancer patients.
http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/14/10/2303
Recent Results Cancer Res. 2003;164:3-28.
Evolution and function of vitamin D.
Holick MF.
Vitamin D Laboratory, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and
Nutrition,
Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center,
Boston, MA 02118, USA.
mfholick@bu.edu
It is remarkable that phytoplankton and zooplankton have been
producing vitamin
D for more than 500 million years. The role of vitamin D in
lower non-vertebrate
life forms is not well understood. However, it is critically
important that most
vertebrates obtain an adequate source of vitamin D, either from
exposure to
sunlight or from their diet, in order to develop and maintain a
healthy
mineralized skeleton. Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized
epidemic in most
adults who are not exposed to adequate sunlight. This can
precipitate and
exacerbate osteoporosis and cause the painful bone disease
osteomalacia. Once
vitamin D is absorbed from the diet or made in the skin by the
action of
sunlight, it is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D
[25(OH)D] and
then in the kidney to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D].
1,25(OH)2D interacts
with its nuclear receptor (VDR) in the intestine and bone in
order to maintain
calcium homeostasis. The VDR is also present in a wide variety
of other tissues.
1,25(OH)2D interacts with these receptors to have a multitude
of important
physiological effects. In addition, it is now recognized that
many tissues,
including colon, breast and prostate, have the enzymatic
machinery to produce
1,25(OH)2D. The insights into the new biological functions of
1,25(OH)2D in
regulating cell growth, modulating the immune system and
modulating the
renin-angiotensin system provides an explanation for why
diminished sun exposure
at higher latitudes is associated with increased risk of dying
of many common
cancers, developing type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and
having a higher
incidence of hypertension. Another calciotropic hormone that is
also produced in
the skin, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, is also a potent
inhibitor of
squamous cell proliferation. The use of agonists and
antagonists for PTHrP has
important clinical applications for the prevention and
treatment of skin
diseases and disorders of hair growth.
PMID: 12899511 [PubMed - in process]
Immunol Cell Biol. 2002 Aug;80(4):340-5.
1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits pro-inflammatory
cytokine and chemokine expression in human corneal epithelial
cells colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Xue ML, Zhu H, Thakur A, Willcox M.
Cooperative Research Centre For Eye Research and Technology,
School of
Optometry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South
Wales, Australia.
The cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8 are key
mediators of host
inflammation. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) has been
shown to regulate
host immune responses in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this
study was to
investigate whether the addition of VD3 to human corneal
epithelial cells
colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa altered the expression of
IL-1 beta, IL-6
and IL-8. An immortalized human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell
line was used in
this study. After growth to confluency, HCE cells were
challenged with P.
aeruginosa strain 6294 in the presence or absence of 10-6 mol/L
VD3 for 4 h, 8 h
and 12 h. Gene expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was
detected by reverse
transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) from total RNA extracted from HCE
cells. Protein
concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 in culture
supernatants were measured
by ELISA. Addition of VD3 to HCE cells colonized with P.
aeruginosa
significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1 beta and IL-8
mRNA and protein (P
< 0.05). Although the expression of IL-6 mRNA was stimulated at
12 h
post-challenge (P < 0.05), the expression of IL-6 protein was
inhibited at all
time points after the addition of VD3. In conclusion, this study
demonstrated
that VD3 inhibited the P. aeruginosa-induced expression of IL-1
beta, IL-6 and
IL-8 in HCE cells, suggesting that this vitamin may have the
potential to become
a novel anti-inflammatory agent in ocular disease.
PMID: 12121222 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002 May;128(1):33-41.
Regulation of cytokine production in human peripheral blood
mononuclear cells and allergen-specific th cell clones by
1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Rausch-Fan X, Leutmezer F, Willheim M, Spittler A, Bohle B,
Ebner C,
Jensen-Jarolim E, Boltz-Nitulescu G.
Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria.
BACKGROUND: The steroid hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
(calcitriol), in
addition to its crucial role in calcium homeostasis, exerts
several effects on
the immune system by regulating cell proliferation,
differentiation, and
maturation. These effects may be exerted through the control of
protooncogenes
and the regulation of cytokine production. METHODS: The
influence of calcitriol
on cytokines secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMC)
isolated from healthy donors, and by allergen-specific T helper
(Th) cell clones
was studied. PBMC were cultured for 48 h with phorbol myristate
acetate (PMA)
and ionomycin in the presence or absence of calcitriol. Human Th
cell clones
were stimulated with either Bet v 1 allergen or anti-CD3
antibodies and PMA.
Cytokines were measured in the supernatants by ELISA, and at
single-cell level
by FACS. RESULTS: Calcitriol significantly inhibited the
production of IL-2,
IFN-gamma and IL-12 by PBMC, as well as the percentage of CD4+ T
cells
containing intracytoplasmic IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Interestingly,
calcitriol-treated PBMC induced the production of IL-10 and
IL-5, but not of
IL-4. The effect of calcitriol was maximal at 10(-7) to 10(-9)
and noneffective
at 10(-11) M. Calcitriol diminished the secretion of IL-1,
TNF-alpha, and MG-CSF
in PBMC. Furthermore, calcitriol also decreased the secretion of
IL-2 and
IFN-gamma by Th1 clones, and of IL-4 by Th2 clones. CONCLUSIONS:
Our data
strongly support the notion that calcitriol modulates the
production of
cytokines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and
suggest that
nonhypercalcemic derivatives of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)
may be used for
new immunosuppressive therapies. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG,
Basel
PMID: 12037399 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Cell Biochem. 2003;88(2):223-6.
Analogs of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as pluripotent
immunomodulators.
Van Etten E, Decallonne B, Verlinden L, Verstuyf A, Bouillon R,
Mathieu C.
Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Catholic
University of
Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
The active form of vitamin D(3), 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), is known,
besides its
classical effects on calcium and bone, for its pronounced
immunomodulatory
effects that are exerted both on the antigen-presenting cell
level as well as
directly on the T lymphocyte level. In animal models, these
immune effects of
1,25(OH)(2)D(3) are reflected by a strong potency to prevent
onset and even
recurrence of autoimmune diseases. A major limitation in using
1,25(OH)(2)D(3)
in clinical immune therapy are the adverse side effects on
calcium and on bone.
TX527 (19-nor-14,20-bisepi-23-yne-1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) is a
structural
1,25(OH)(2)D(3) analog showing reduced calcemic activity
associated with
enhanced in vitro and in vivo immunomodulating capacity compared
to the
mother-molecule. Indeed, in vitro TX527 is more potent that
1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in
redirecting differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells
and in inhibiting
phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation. In
vivo, this enhanced
potency of TX527 is confirmed by a stronger potential to prevent
type 1 diabetes
in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and to prolong the survival of
syngeneic islets
grafts, both alone and in combination with cyclosporine A, in
overtly diabetic
NOD mice. Moreover, these in vivo effects of TX527 are obtained
without the
adverse side effects observed for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) itself. We
believe therefore
that TX527 is a potentially interesting candidate to be
considered for clinical
intervention trails in autoimmune diseases. J. Cell. Biochem.
88: 223-226, 2003.
Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 12520518 [PubMed - in process]
FASEB J. 2001 Dec;15(14):2579-85.
Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology.
Deluca HF, Cantorna MT.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. deluca@biochem.wisc.edu
In recent years there has been an effort to understand possible
noncalcemic roles of vitamin D, including its role in the immune
system and, in particular, on T cell-medicated immunity. Vitamin
D receptor is found in significant concentrations in the T
lymphocyte and macrophage populations. However, its highest
concentration is in the immature immune cells of the thymus and
the mature CD-8 T lymphocytes. The significant role of vitamin D
compounds as selective immunosuppressants is illustrated by
their ability to either prevent or markedly suppress animal
models of autoimmune disease. Results show that
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can either prevent or markedly suppress
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis,
systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes, and inflammatory
bowel disease. In almost every case, the action of the vitamin D
hormone requires that the animals be maintained on a normal or
high calcium diet. Possible mechanisms of suppression of these
autoimmune disorders by the vitamin D hormone have been
presented. The vitamin D hormone stimulates transforming growth
factor TGFbeta-1 and interleukin 4 (IL-4) production, which in
turn may suppress inflammatory T cell activity. In support of
this, the vitamin D hormone is unable to suppress a murine model
of the human disease multiple sclerosis in IL-4-deficient mice.
The results suggest an important role for vitamin D in
autoimmune disorders and provide a fertile and interesting area
of research that may yield important new therapies.
Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
PMID: 11726533 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Clin Lab Med. 2000 Sep;20(3):569-90.
Calcium and vitamin D. Diagnostics and therapeutics.
Holick MF.
Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine,
Massachusetts, USA.
Vitamin D is neither a vitamin nor a nutrient if adequate
exposure to sunlight is available to produce adequate quantities
of vitamin D3 in the skin. It is well known that an adequate
supply of vitamin D, either from the diet or from the skin, is
important for maximum bone health throughout life. The new
revelation that 25(OH)D can be metabolized to 1,25(OH)2D in the
colon, prostate, and skin opens a new chapter in the vitamin D
story. It is quite possible that there are two levels of vitamin
D sufficiency. One level requires that the serum 25(OH)D levels
be at least 20 ng/mL to satisfy the body's requirement for the
renal production of 1,25(OH)2D that regulates calcium
absorption, and bone calcium mobilization and bone
mineralization. The second level may need higher circulating
levels of 25(OH)D for maximum cellular health because of the
conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D in extrarenal tissues, such
as the prostate, colon, and skin.
Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10986622 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Oncol Rep. 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):1069-74.
Modifying effect of tuna orbital oil rich in docosahexaenoic
acid and vitamin D3 on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant
crypt foci in rats.
Kohno H, Yamaguchi N, Ohdoi C, Nakajima S, Odashima S, Tanaka T.
Department of Serology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada,
Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan. h-kohno@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
The modifying effect of dietary tuna (Thunnus thynnus
orientalis) orbital oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and
vitamin D3 (VD3) on the development of azoxymethane
(AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was investigated
in male F344 rats. Animals were given three weekly subcutaneous
injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) to induce ACF. The rats
were fed the experimental diet containing 5% tuna orbital oil
(low fish oil), 23.5% tuna orbital oil (high fish oil), 5% corn
oil (low corn oil) or 23.5% corn oil (high corn oil) for 5
weeks, starting 1 week before the first dose of AOM. Animals
were sacrificed 2 weeks after the last AOM injection to count
colonic ACF and assay the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1
and -2. High corn oil diet significantly increased the
development of ACF, when compared with low corn oil diet
(P<0.005). High fish oil diet also increased ACF formation
compared with low fish oil diet (P<0.01), but the increase was
smaller than high corn oil diet. The frequency of ACF was
significantly lower in the rats fed high fish oil diet than high
corn oil diet (P<0.02). Moreover, frequency of ACF consisted of
4 or more crypts in rats fed the high fish oil diet was
significantly lower than that of rats given high corn oil diet.
COX-1 and COX-2 expression did not significantly differ among
the groups. These results suggest that fish oil derived from
tuna, which contains high amounts of DHA and VD3, suppresses the
formation and growth of ACF without affecting COX-1 and COX-2
expression, and may have a preventive effect on colon
carcinogenesis.
PMID: 10948340 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;889:107-19.
Calcium and vitamin D. Their potential roles in colon and
breast cancer prevention.
Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED.
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of
California, San Diego 92093, USA. cgarland@ucsd.edu
The geographic distribution of colon cancer is similar to the
historical geographic distribution of rickets. The highest death
rates from colon cancer occur in areas that had high prevalence
rates of rickets--regions with winter ultraviolet radiation
deficiency, generally due to a combination of high or moderately
high latitude, high-sulfur content air pollution (acid haze),
higher than average stratospheric ozone thickness, and
persistently thick winter cloud cover. The geographic
distribution of colon cancer mortality rates reveals
significantly low death rates at low latitudes in the United
States and significantly high rates in the industrialized
Northeast. The Northeast has a combination of latitude, climate,
and air pollution that prevents any synthesis of vitamin D
during a five-month vitamin D winter. Breast cancer death rates
in white women also rise with distance from the equator and are
highest in areas with long vitamin D winters. Colon cancer
incidence rates also have been shown to be inversely
proportional to intake of calcium. These findings, which are
consistent with laboratory results, indicate that most cases of
colon cancer may be prevented with regular intake of calcium in
the range of 1,800 mg per day, in a dietary context that
includes 800 IU per day (20 micrograms) of vitamin D3. (In
women, an intake of approximately 1,000 mg of calcium per 1,000
kcal of energy with 800 IU of vitamin D would be sufficient.) In
observational studies, the source of approximately 90% of the
calcium intake was vitamin D-fortified milk. Vitamin D may also
be obtained from fatty fish. In addition to reduction of
incidence and mortality rates from colon cancer, epidemiological
data suggest that intake of 800 IU/day of vitamin D may be
associated with enhanced survival rates among breast cancer
cases.
Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10668487 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1995 Jul;99(1):35-40.
Vitamin D3 intoxication in naked mole-rats
(Heterocephalus glaber) leads to hypercalcaemia and increased
calcium deposition in teeth with evidence of abnormal skin
calcification.
Buffenstein R, Laundy MT, Pitcher T, Pettifor JM.
Department of Physiology, Medical School of the Univesity of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Naked mole-rats have no access to obvious sources of vitamin D
and therefore have an impoverished vitamin D status. In an
investigation into the effects of vitamin D supplementation,
inadvertently supraphysiological doses of 130,000 times the
normal dose of vitamin D were administered. Within 5 days
animals appeared lethargic, with reduced food intake. All but
one of the seven animals were killed and blood was collected.
Plasma vitamin D metabolites 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D and calcium
were determined. Both vitamin D metabolite concentrations
exceeded the upper limits of sensitivity of the assays (> 100
ng/ml 25(OH)D and > 210 pg/ml 1,25(OH)2D). Active calcium uptake
in the intestine was evident along with concomitant increases in
calcium concentration in plasma, bone, and teeth. The remaining
animal survived, but showed scab-like formations in the skin
around the lower jaw and along the nipple line. X-ray analyses
revealed calcium deposition in these cornified regions, although
there was no evidence of metastatic calcification in other
tissues. Deposition of excess calcium in skin that is regularly
sloughed off and in teeth that are continuously worn down and
replaced may reduce the vitamin D-induced hypercalcaemia and
thus alleviate the effects of vitamin D intoxication.
PMID: 7657155 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Int J Vitam Nutr Res Suppl. 1989;30:81-6.
High-dose vitamin D therapy: indications, benefits and
hazards.
Davies M.
There are two sources of vitamin D available to man: The more
important source is the cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), which is
produced photochemically in the skin from the provitamin,
7-dehydrocholesterol; vitamin D ingested with food is of
secondary importance, but assumes a critical role when an
individual is deprived of solar exposure. Vitamin D therefore is
not strictly a vitamin. A deficiency of vitamin D ultimately
results in osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children, and
provision of sunlight or small oral doses of the vitamin can
cure this bone condition. There are, however, many less common
conditions in which small doses of the vitamin are ineffective,
whereas larger doses of vitamin D can achieve healing of the
bone disease. These conditions are collectively called vitamin
D-resistant diseases and include hypoparathyroidism, genetic and
acquired hypophosphataemic osteomalacias, renal osteodystrophy,
vitamin D-dependent rickets, and the osteomalacia associated
with liver disease and intestinal malabsorption. Unfortunately,
large doses of vitamin D continue to be prescribed for a wide
variety of diseases in which there is little scientific evidence
of their efficacy. The benefits and dangers of high doses of
vitamin D are discussed and the problems arising from
inappropriate or poorly supervised treatment with vitamin D
presented. The serum concentration of the active metabolite of
vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is increased in certain
disease states, and the pathophysiology of some these diseases
are presented. The exciting developments in tumour
differentiation and the role of high doses of 1,25
dihydroxyvitamin D for the control of leukaemia and other blood
and skin diseases are discussed.
Publication Types:
Review
Review Literature
PMID: 2507709 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Veterinary Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 1999
Jan;2(1):69-91, vi.
Nutrition of captive reptiles.
Donoghue S, McKeown S.
Nutrition Support Services, Inc., Walkabout Farm, Pembroke,
Virginia, USA.
In reptile practice, most nutritional problems arise from
improper husbandry,
including poor feeding management and provision of imbalanced
diets. Each
reptile species has its own requirements for temperature and
humidity, space and
social interaction, lighting, and habitat components. Failure,
to provide these
requirements often results in failure to thrive and secondary
nutritional
disorders. Common dietary problems include deficiencies of
energy, calcium,
vitamin D3, vitamin A, and fiber.
Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
PMID: 11228696 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Acta Physiol Hung. 1995;83(1):101-3.
Effects of vitamin D3 administration on the levels of serum
calcium and
inorganic phosphorus in the smooth water snake, Enhydris
enhydris (Schneider).
Kagwade MV, Pangaonkar AS.
Department of Zoology, B.N.N. College, Bhiwandi, India.
Effect of vitamin D3 administration (12,000 IU/100 g body wt.)
on levels of
serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels in the smooth
water snake,
Enhydris enhydris was investigated. Hypercalcemia and
hyperphosphatemia was
observed from day one till the end of the experiment (day 14).
Maximum values
were recorded on the 4th day followed by a steady decline.
PMID: 7660831 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1992;Spec No:79-83.
Evolutionary biology and pathology of vitamin D.
Holick MF.
Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University
School of
Medicine, MA.
There is mounting evidence that essentially all fungi, plants
and animals living
on earth produce provitamin D. It is likely that once exposed to
sunlight, these
provitamins are converted to previtamin D. It is unclear why
fungi,
phytoplankton, zooplankton and plants have the capacity to
produce such large
quantities of provitamin D. It is likely, however, that
provitamin D and
possibly vitamin D play an important biologic role in these
organisms. Buchala
and Schmid found, for example, that vitamin D3 promoted
adventitious root
development. It may be that provitamin D has a more fundamental
function in
lower life forms. Provitamin D and its photoproducts have UV
absorption spectra
that overlap with the ultraviolet absorption spectra from
ultraviolet
radiation-sensitive macromolecules including DNA, RNA and
proteins. Thus,
provitamin D and photoisomers could serve as a photon sink, and
therefore, act
as a natural sunscreen to protect lower life forms from the
damaging effects of
the high energy ultraviolet radiation that they are exposed to.
It is more
clear, however, that amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals and
humans all require
vitamin D and that the vitamin D must be metabolized to
1,25(OH)2D3 before it
can carry-out its physiologic functions on calcium and bone
metabolism. The
intense research activities during the past decade on the
antiproliferative and
differentiation activities of 1,25(OH)2D3 has opened a new
chapter for this
vitamin/hormone. 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogs are being developed
for the
treatment of psoriasis, breast cancer, and leukemia.(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 250
WORDS)
Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1297827 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Acta Physiol Hung. 1987;70(4):375-7.
Calcaemic responses in the yellow monitor, varanus flavescens to
vitamin D3
administration.
Swarup K, Pandey AK, Srivastav AK.
Department of Zoology, University of Gorakhpur, India.
The effect of a daily intramuscular injection of vitamin D3
(2000 IU/100 g b.wt)
on serum calcium level was investigated in Varanus flavescens.
This treatment
evoked hypercalcaemia on day 3 which progressed up to day 7. At
day 14 a decline
was noticed in the serum calcium level which was followed by a
rise from day 21
to day 28.
PMID: 2830765 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Physiol (Paris). 1986;81(1):17-8.
Serum calcium level of freshwater snake, Natrix piscator, in
response to vitamin D3 administration.
Srivastav AK, Srivastav SP, Srivastav SK, Swarup K.
The effect of i.m. injection of vitamin D3 (25 IU/100 g b.wt) on
serum calcium
level was investigated in Natrix piscator. This treatment evokes
hypercalcemia
at day 3 which progresses up to day 5. Thereafter, a decline was
observed in the
serum calcium level at day 10 and day 15.
PMID: 3020236 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Hazewinkel HA, Tryfonidou MA.
Vitamin D3 metabolism in dogs.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002 Nov 29;197(1-2):23-33.
PMID: 12431792 [PubMed - in process] - Edwards HM Jr.
Studies on the efficacy of cholecalciferol and derivatives for stimulating phytate utilization in broilers.
Poult Sci. 2002 Jul;81(7):1026-31.
PMID: 12162340 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Hess L, Mauldin G, Rosenthal K.
Estimated nutrient content of diets commonly fed to pet birds.
Vet Rec. 2002 Mar 30;150(13):399-404.
PMID: 11999276 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Nakamura K, Nashimoto M, Okuda Y, Ota T, Yamamoto M.
Fish as a major source of vitamin D in the Japanese diet.
Nutrition. 2002 May;18(5):415-6.
PMID: 11985947 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Cope MB, Steele VE, Eto I, Juliana MM, Hill DL, Grubbs
CJ.
Prevention of methylnitrosourea-induced mammary cancers by 9-cis-retinoic acid and/or vitamin D3.
Oncol Rep. 2002 May-Jun;9(3):533-7.
PMID: 11956623 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Grant WB.
An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B radiation.
Cancer. 2002 Mar 15;94(6):1867-75.
PMID: 11920550 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Kurtoglu V, Kurtoglu F, Coskun B.
Effects of boron supplementation of adequate and inadequate vitamin D3-containing diet on performance and serum biochemical characters of broiler chickens.
Res Vet Sci. 2001 Dec;71(3):183-7.
PMID: 11798292 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Karges K, Brooks JC, Gill DR, Breazile JE, Owens FN,
Morgan JB.
Effects of supplemental vitamin D3 on feed intake, carcass characteristics, tenderness, and muscle properties of beef steers.
J Anim Sci. 2001 Nov;79(11):2844-50.
PMID: 11768113 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Sih TR, Morris JG, Hickman MA.
Chronic ingestion of high concentrations of cholecalciferol in cats.
Am J Vet Res. 2001 Sep;62(9):1500-6.
PMID: 11560284 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Lips P. Related Articles,
Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications.
Endocr Rev. 2001 Aug;22(4):477-501. Review.
PMID: 11493580 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Mokady E, Schwartz B, Shany S, Lamprecht SA.
A protective role of dietary vitamin D3 in rat colon carcinogenesis.
Nutr Cancer. 2000;38(1):65-73.
PMID: 11341047 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Chan JM, Pietinen P, Virtanen M, Malila N, Tangrea J,
Albanes D, Virtamo J.
Diet and prostate cancer risk in a cohort of smokers, with a specific focus on calcium and phosphorus (Finland).
Cancer Causes Control. 2000 Oct;11(9):859-67.
PMID: 11075876 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Bastardo H.
[Food effects on some reproductive aspects of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in a Venezuelan fish farm]
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1999 Dec;49(4):367-72. Spanish.
PMID: 10883303 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Evans SR, Shchepotin EI, Young H, Rochon J, Uskokovic M,
Shchepotin IB.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 synthetic analogs inhibit spontaneous metastases in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis model.
Int J Oncol. 2000 Jun;16(6):1249-54.
PMID: 10812003 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] - Hofmann-Parisot M.
[Result of a European-wide inquiry about the use of artificial UV radiation sources in zoo animal husbandry with special regard to the mammals (Primates/Simiae/monkeys)]
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1995 May;108(5):185-91. German.
PMID: 7575389 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
 |
|||||